uboot: (firmwareOdroidC2/C4) don't invoke patch tool, use patches = [] instead
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/stdenv/generic/setup.sh#L948 this can do it nicely. Signed-off-by: Anton Arapov <anton@deadbeef.mx>
This commit is contained in:
Anton Arapov
Alan Daniels
commit
56de2bcd43
30691 changed files with 3076956 additions and 0 deletions
482
nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing.chapter.md
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482
nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing.chapter.md
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
|
|||
# Installing NixOS {#sec-installation}
|
||||
|
||||
## Booting the system {#sec-installation-booting}
|
||||
|
||||
NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
|
||||
installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The
|
||||
differences are mentioned in the steps that follow.
|
||||
|
||||
The installation media can be burned to a CD, or now more commonly,
|
||||
"burned" to a USB drive (see [](#sec-booting-from-usb)).
|
||||
|
||||
The installation media contains a basic NixOS installation. When it's
|
||||
finished booting, it should have detected most of your hardware.
|
||||
|
||||
The NixOS manual is available by running `nixos-help`.
|
||||
|
||||
You are logged-in automatically as `nixos`. The `nixos` user account has
|
||||
an empty password so you can use `sudo` without a password:
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
$ sudo -i
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run `systemctl
|
||||
start display-manager` to start the desktop environment. If you want
|
||||
to continue on the terminal, you can use `loadkeys` to switch to your
|
||||
preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via `loadkeys de
|
||||
neo`!)
|
||||
|
||||
If the text is too small to be legible, try `setfont ter-v32n` to
|
||||
increase the font size.
|
||||
|
||||
To install over a serial port connect with `115200n8` (e.g.
|
||||
`picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0`). When the bootloader lists boot
|
||||
entries, select the serial console boot entry.
|
||||
|
||||
### Networking in the installer {#sec-installation-booting-networking}
|
||||
|
||||
The boot process should have brought up networking (check `ip
|
||||
a`). Networking is necessary for the installer, since it will
|
||||
download lots of stuff (such as source tarballs or Nixpkgs channel
|
||||
binaries). It's best if you have a DHCP server on your network.
|
||||
Otherwise configure networking manually using `ifconfig`.
|
||||
|
||||
On the graphical installer, you can configure the network, wifi
|
||||
included, through NetworkManager. Using the `nmtui` program, you can do
|
||||
so even in a non-graphical session. If you prefer to configure the
|
||||
network manually, disable NetworkManager with
|
||||
`systemctl stop NetworkManager`.
|
||||
|
||||
On the minimal installer, NetworkManager is not available, so
|
||||
configuration must be perfomed manually. To configure the wifi, first
|
||||
start wpa_supplicant with `sudo systemctl start wpa_supplicant`, then
|
||||
run `wpa_cli`. For most home networks, you need to type in the following
|
||||
commands:
|
||||
|
||||
```plain
|
||||
> add_network
|
||||
0
|
||||
> set_network 0 ssid "myhomenetwork"
|
||||
OK
|
||||
> set_network 0 psk "mypassword"
|
||||
OK
|
||||
> set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK
|
||||
OK
|
||||
> enable_network 0
|
||||
OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
For enterprise networks, for example *eduroam*, instead do:
|
||||
|
||||
```plain
|
||||
> add_network
|
||||
0
|
||||
> set_network 0 ssid "eduroam"
|
||||
OK
|
||||
> set_network 0 identity "myname@example.com"
|
||||
OK
|
||||
> set_network 0 password "mypassword"
|
||||
OK
|
||||
> set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-EAP
|
||||
OK
|
||||
> enable_network 0
|
||||
OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
When successfully connected, you should see a line such as this one
|
||||
|
||||
```plain
|
||||
<3>CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 32:85:ab:ef:24:5c completed [id=0 id_str=]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
you can now leave `wpa_cli` by typing `quit`.
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to continue the installation from a different machine
|
||||
you can use activated SSH daemon. You need to copy your ssh key to
|
||||
either `/home/nixos/.ssh/authorized_keys` or
|
||||
`/root/.ssh/authorized_keys` (Tip: For installers with a modifiable
|
||||
filesystem such as the sd-card installer image a key can be manually
|
||||
placed by mounting the image on a different machine). Alternatively you
|
||||
must set a password for either `root` or `nixos` with `passwd` to be
|
||||
able to login.
|
||||
|
||||
## Partitioning and formatting {#sec-installation-partitioning}
|
||||
|
||||
The NixOS installer doesn't do any partitioning or formatting, so you
|
||||
need to do that yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
The NixOS installer ships with multiple partitioning tools. The examples
|
||||
below use `parted`, but also provides `fdisk`, `gdisk`, `cfdisk`, and
|
||||
`cgdisk`.
|
||||
|
||||
The recommended partition scheme differs depending if the computer uses
|
||||
*Legacy Boot* or *UEFI*.
|
||||
|
||||
### UEFI (GPT) {#sec-installation-partitioning-UEFI}
|
||||
|
||||
Here\'s an example partition scheme for UEFI, using `/dev/sda` as the
|
||||
device.
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.note}
|
||||
You can safely ignore `parted`\'s informational message about needing to
|
||||
update /etc/fstab.
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
1. Create a *GPT* partition table.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Add the *root* partition. This will fill the disk except for the end
|
||||
part, where the swap will live, and the space left in front (512MiB)
|
||||
which will be used by the boot partition.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 512MiB -8GiB
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. Next, add a *swap* partition. The size required will vary according
|
||||
to needs, here a 8GiB one is created.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.note}
|
||||
The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
|
||||
distributions.
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
4. Finally, the *boot* partition. NixOS by default uses the ESP (EFI
|
||||
system partition) as its */boot* partition. It uses the initially
|
||||
reserved 512MiB at the start of the disk.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 512MiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 esp on
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once complete, you can follow with
|
||||
[](#sec-installation-partitioning-formatting).
|
||||
|
||||
### Legacy Boot (MBR) {#sec-installation-partitioning-MBR}
|
||||
|
||||
Here\'s an example partition scheme for Legacy Boot, using `/dev/sda` as
|
||||
the device.
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.note}
|
||||
You can safely ignore `parted`\'s informational message about needing to
|
||||
update /etc/fstab.
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
1. Create a *MBR* partition table.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Add the *root* partition. This will fill the the disk except for the
|
||||
end part, where the swap will live.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 1MiB -8GiB
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. Finally, add a *swap* partition. The size required will vary
|
||||
according to needs, here a 8GiB one is created.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.note}
|
||||
The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
|
||||
distributions.
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
Once complete, you can follow with
|
||||
[](#sec-installation-partitioning-formatting).
|
||||
|
||||
### Formatting {#sec-installation-partitioning-formatting}
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
- For initialising Ext4 partitions: `mkfs.ext4`. It is recommended
|
||||
that you assign a unique symbolic label to the file system using the
|
||||
option `-L label`, since this makes the file system configuration
|
||||
independent from device changes. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- For creating swap partitions: `mkswap`. Again it's recommended to
|
||||
assign a label to the swap partition: `-L label`. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- **UEFI systems**
|
||||
|
||||
For creating boot partitions: `mkfs.fat`. Again it's recommended
|
||||
to assign a label to the boot partition: `-n label`. For
|
||||
example:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sda3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- For creating LVM volumes, the LVM commands, e.g., `pvcreate`,
|
||||
`vgcreate`, and `lvcreate`.
|
||||
|
||||
- For creating software RAID devices, use `mdadm`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Installing {#sec-installation-installing}
|
||||
|
||||
1. Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
|
||||
`/mnt`, e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. **UEFI systems**
|
||||
|
||||
Mount the boot file system on `/mnt/boot`, e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot
|
||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to
|
||||
activate swap devices now (`swapon device`).
|
||||
The installer (or rather, the build actions that it
|
||||
may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM, depending on your
|
||||
configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# swapon /dev/sda2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. You now need to create a file `/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`
|
||||
that specifies the intended configuration of the system. This is
|
||||
because NixOS has a *declarative* configuration model: you create or
|
||||
edit a description of the desired configuration of your system, and
|
||||
then NixOS takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS
|
||||
configuration file is described in [](#sec-configuration-syntax),
|
||||
while a list of available configuration options appears in
|
||||
[](#ch-options). A minimal example is shown in
|
||||
[Example: NixOS Configuration](#ex-config).
|
||||
|
||||
The command `nixos-generate-config` can generate an initial
|
||||
configuration file for you:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You should then edit `/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` to suit your
|
||||
needs:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you're using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be
|
||||
available (such as `vim`). If you have network access, you can also
|
||||
install other editors -- for instance, you can install Emacs by
|
||||
running `nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA emacs`.
|
||||
|
||||
BIOS systems
|
||||
|
||||
: You *must* set the option [](#opt-boot.loader.grub.device) to
|
||||
specify on which disk the GRUB boot loader is to be installed.
|
||||
Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
|
||||
|
||||
: If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
|
||||
installing NixOS, the [](#opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber)
|
||||
option can be set to `true` to automatically add them to the grub
|
||||
menu.
|
||||
|
||||
UEFI systems
|
||||
|
||||
: You *must* set the option [](#opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable)
|
||||
to `true`. `nixos-generate-config` should do this automatically
|
||||
for new configurations when booted in UEFI mode.
|
||||
|
||||
You may want to look at the options starting with
|
||||
[`boot.loader.efi`](#opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables) and
|
||||
[`boot.loader.systemd-boot`](#opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable)
|
||||
as well.
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to configure networking for your machine the
|
||||
configuration options are described in [](#sec-networking). In
|
||||
particular, while wifi is supported on the installation image, it is
|
||||
not enabled by default in the configuration generated by
|
||||
`nixos-generate-config`.
|
||||
|
||||
Another critical option is `fileSystems`, specifying the file
|
||||
systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
|
||||
don't need to set it yourself, because `nixos-generate-config` sets
|
||||
it automatically in `/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix` from
|
||||
your currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
|
||||
`hardware-configuration.nix` is included from `configuration.nix`
|
||||
and will be overwritten by future invocations of
|
||||
`nixos-generate-config`; thus, you generally should not modify it.)
|
||||
Additionally, you may want to look at [Hardware configuration for
|
||||
known-hardware](https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-hardware) at this
|
||||
point or after installation.
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.note}
|
||||
Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you
|
||||
may need to set the option `boot.initrd.kernelModules` to include
|
||||
the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
|
||||
system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If
|
||||
this happens, boot from the installation media again, mount the
|
||||
target file system on `/mnt`, fix `/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`
|
||||
and rerun `nixos-install`.) In most cases, `nixos-generate-config`
|
||||
will figure out the required modules.
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
5. Do the installation:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nixos-install
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This will install your system based on the configuration you
|
||||
provided. If anything fails due to a configuration problem or any
|
||||
other issue (such as a network outage while downloading binaries
|
||||
from the NixOS binary cache), you can re-run `nixos-install` after
|
||||
fixing your `configuration.nix`.
|
||||
|
||||
As the last step, `nixos-install` will ask you to set the password
|
||||
for the `root` user, e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
```plain
|
||||
setting root password...
|
||||
New password: ***
|
||||
Retype new password: ***
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.note}
|
||||
For unattended installations, it is possible to use
|
||||
`nixos-install --no-root-passwd` in order to disable the password
|
||||
prompt entirely.
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
6. If everything went well:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# reboot
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
7. You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB
|
||||
boot menu shows a list of *available configurations* (initially just
|
||||
one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see [Changing
|
||||
Configuration](#sec-changing-config)), a new item is added to the
|
||||
menu. This allows you to easily roll back to a previous
|
||||
configuration if something goes wrong.
|
||||
|
||||
You should log in and change the `root` password with `passwd`.
|
||||
|
||||
You'll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can
|
||||
be done with `useradd`:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
$ useradd -c 'Eelco Dolstra' -m eelco
|
||||
$ passwd eelco
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may also want to install some software. This will be covered in
|
||||
[](#sec-package-management).
|
||||
|
||||
## Installation summary {#sec-installation-summary}
|
||||
|
||||
To summarise, [Example: Commands for Installing NixOS on `/dev/sda`](#ex-install-sequence)
|
||||
shows a typical sequence of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard
|
||||
drive (here `/dev/sda`). [Example: NixOS Configuration](#ex-config) shows a
|
||||
corresponding configuration Nix expression.
|
||||
|
||||
::: {#ex-partition-scheme-MBR .example}
|
||||
::: {.title}
|
||||
**Example: Example partition schemes for NixOS on `/dev/sda` (MBR)**
|
||||
:::
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 1MiB -8GiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%
|
||||
```
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
::: {#ex-partition-scheme-UEFI .example}
|
||||
::: {.title}
|
||||
**Example: Example partition schemes for NixOS on `/dev/sda` (UEFI)**
|
||||
:::
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 512MiB -8GiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 512MiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 esp on
|
||||
```
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
::: {#ex-install-sequence .example}
|
||||
::: {.title}
|
||||
**Example: Commands for Installing NixOS on `/dev/sda`**
|
||||
:::
|
||||
With a partitioned disk.
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
|
||||
# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
|
||||
# swapon /dev/sda2
|
||||
# mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sda3 # (for UEFI systems only)
|
||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
|
||||
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot # (for UEFI systems only)
|
||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot # (for UEFI systems only)
|
||||
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
|
||||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
# nixos-install
|
||||
# reboot
|
||||
```
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
::: {#ex-config .example}
|
||||
::: {.title}
|
||||
**Example: NixOS Configuration**
|
||||
:::
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
|
||||
imports = [
|
||||
# Include the results of the hardware scan.
|
||||
./hardware-configuration.nix
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda"; # (for BIOS systems only)
|
||||
boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true; # (for UEFI systems only)
|
||||
|
||||
# Note: setting fileSystems is generally not
|
||||
# necessary, since nixos-generate-config figures them out
|
||||
# automatically in hardware-configuration.nix.
|
||||
#fileSystems."/".device = "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos";
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable the OpenSSH server.
|
||||
services.sshd.enable = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
## Additional installation notes {#sec-installation-additional-notes}
|
||||
|
||||
```{=docbook}
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-usb.section.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-pxe.section.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.section.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.section.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-behind-a-proxy.section.xml" />
|
||||
```
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue